A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Passive treatment systems provide an alternative method for removing metals from acid mine drainage. Sources of nonpoint source pollution acid mine drainage amd is currently the main pollutant of surface water in the midatlantic region. We also acknowledge previous national science foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057. Acid mine drainage boat of knowledge ohio university. You did some research on the internet and found a good website that explains about the effects of acid rain.
Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Fundamentals of minedrainage formation and chemistry kathleen s. Average fe removal rate was 67% with a high of 85% over the 10month trial. Mine wastes are the largest volume of materials handled in the world icold, 1996. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Acid mine drainage research acid mine drainage amd has been the subject of intensive research since the 1960s. Mining and water pollution safe drinking water foundation. The role of feiii minerals in controlling acid mine drainage amd chemistry was studied using samples from two amd sites gum boot gb and fridays2 fr located in northern pennsylvania. You decided the best why for people to become educated is to make a bumper sticker so many people will see it. Acid mine water drainage debating a sustainable solution. The mining of coal deposits and metal ores often results in a phenomenon called acid mine drainage amd. Fundamentals of mine drainage formation and chemistry kathleen s. Solutions to acid mine drainage problem book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. The use of measured and calculated acidity values to.
Its oxidation occurs spontaneously in nature, causing environmental problems like acid mine drainage amd and minetailing leachate containing heavy metals. Process of acid mine drainage geochemical and microbial reactions during weathering of sulfide minerals pyrite in coal, refuse, or mine overburden oxidation of sulfide minerals in the presence of air, water, and bacteria formation of sulfuric acid and increase in acidity solubilization of metals due to low ph 5. This ironoxidizing archaeon is capable of growth at ph 0. January 1996 acid mine drainage is a common problem in many parts of the country, originating from hardrock mines, strip mines or tailing piles. Most discussions on acid mine drainage refer to the physical process of oxidation while the role of microorganisms is left unnoticed. When large quantities of rock containing sulphide minerals are excavated from an open pit or opened up in an underground mine, it reacts with water and oxygen to create sulphuric acid. Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by crossref and updated daily. Guideline document for monitoring acid mine drainage, october. Acid mine drainage amd is typically characterized by low ph and high dissolved iron. Technical article the use of measured and calculated acidity values to improve the quality of mine drainage datasets robert s. Amd comes mainly from abandoned coal mines and currently active mining. Acid rock drainage and acid mine drainage acid rock drainage ard is a natural process in which sulfuric acid is produced when sulfides in rocksfor example, pyrite fes 2 are exposed to air and water. Spectrophotometric determination of feinstructor notes and prep notes word, pdf.
Characterization of mine waste rocks and prediction of acid mine drainage amd play an important role in preventing amd. The focus is on amd with regard to waste rock handling and disposal, either to the wrd, lgo or tsfs. The generation of acidic drainage and the release of water containing high concentrations of dissolved metals. Acid mine drainage solutions for the mineral industry. The type of system selected is dependent upon the chemistry of the acid mine drainage and the flow of the discharge, as well as state and federal. Wildeman billings symposium asmr annual meeting assessing the toxicity potential of mine waste piles workshop june 1, 2003 u.
Geochemistry of a permeable reactive barrier for metals. The life cycle of acid mine drainage copper ore from arizona concentrating ground up rock is mixed with water, air bubbles and small amounts of chemicals. This laboratory project uses the context of acid mine drainage to teach concepts important to analytical chemistry and quantitative analysis. Acid mine drainage, geomicrobiology, usgs microbiology. Some australian work using 18 o in near isotopically pure o 2 and h 2 o has identified the general direction of the reaction path. Treating acid mine drainage from abandoned mines in remote areas john j. Acid mine drainage acid rock drainage ard is a natural process whereby sulphuric acid is produced when sulphides in rocks are exposed to air and water. The chemicals allow copper minerals to rise to the top and stick to. Acid rock drainage occurs naturally within some environments as part of the rock weathering process but is exacerbated by largescale earth disturbances construction sites, subdivisions.
Acid mine drainage, acid and metalliferous drainage amd, or acid rock drainage ard is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines or coal mines. Hedin hedin environmental, 195 castle shannon blvd, pittsburgh, pa 15228 usa. Apr, 2020 whereas environmental chemistry focuses on the effects of polluting chemicals on nature, green chemistry focuses on technological approaches to preventing pollution and reducing consumption of nonrenewable resources. Drainage to teach concepts important to analytical chemistry and quantitative. Its oxidation occurs spontaneously in nature, causing environmental problems like acid mine drainage amd and. Wildeman billings symposium asmr annual meeting assessing the toxicity potential of minewaste piles workshop june 1, 2003 u. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. Mineralogical transformations controlling acid mine drainage. This results primarily from the oxidative breakdown of transition metal sulfides, especially pyrite fes 2. Acid mine drainage environmental notes on mining, updated september 2009 pyrite fes2 is commonly associated with coal and metal ore deposits. This is a natural chemical reaction which can proceed. Dramatic changes in concentrations of so4 decrease of 2000. In a nutshell, acid mine drainage is a form of water pollution that happens when rain, runoff, or streams come in contact with rock that is rich in sulfur.
Thus, this study applied some simple testing methods to the. Mineralogical transformations controlling acid mine. This study demonstrates substantial removal of iron fe from acid mine drainage ph. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Chemical extractions, xray diffraction xrd, scanning 40 electron microscopy sem, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ftir were. Metesh hydrogeologist terrie jarrell project leader steve oravetz program leader usda forest service technology and development program missoula, montana 7e72g71 acid mine drainage study october 1998 united states department of agriculture forest service technology.
Acid mine drainage, acid and metalliferous drainage amd, or acid rock drainage ard is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines or coal mines acid rock drainage occurs naturally within some environments as part of the rock weathering process but is exacerbated by largescale earth disturbances characteristic of mining and other large construction activities, usually within rocks. There are many types of sulfide minerals, but the iron sulfides, pyrite and maracasite fes 2, common in coal regions are the predominant amd producers. The microbiology of acid mine drainage by jim taylor, p. In some regions, it is the most common form of stream and river pollution. This is a natural chemical reaction which can proceed when minerals are exposed to air and water. In most cases, this acid comes primarily from oxidation of iron sulfide fes2, also known as pyrite or fools gold, which is often found in conjunction with valuable metals. Apr 26, 2015 case study of acid mine drainage amd and remediation. Nov, 2019 in a nutshell, acid mine drainage is a form of water pollution that happens when rain, runoff, or streams come in contact with rock that is rich in sulfur.
Key engineering considerations would include seepage genera. Acid mine drainage, geomicrobiology, usgs microbiology research. To stop the formation of sulfuric acid, the waste rock and tailings from a mine must be prevented from coming in contact with oxygen. Introduction the mining of coal deposits and metal ores often results in a phenomenon called acid mine drainage amd. The term mineimpacted water is used because it is more inclusive than terms such as acid mine drainage amd or. This species represents a dominant prokaryote in the environment studied slimes and sediments and constituted up to 85% of the microbial community when solution concentrations. Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. The effect of mining on the environment includes the release of many chemical contaminants into water resources, which can cause environmental damage and threaten the health and safety of nearby communities long after mine closure. Acid mine drainage mines built as early as the 1800s were developed in a manner which utilized gravity drainage, to avoid excessive water accumulation in the mines as a result, water polluted by acid, iron, sulfur and aluminum drained away from the mines and into streams results of acid mine drainage. The controlling parameters are defined by the physics of the site. The acid mine drainage may also contain high amounts of co2 which forms carbonic acid and further depresses the ph. Treating acid mine drainage from abandoned mines in. Guideline document for monitoring acid mine drainage.
Although hightech analytical methods have been highlighted for mineral characterization and quantification, simple testing methods are still practical ways to perform in a field laboratory in mines. There are three basic ways to limit acid mine drainage. Acid mine drainage amd is produced by biotic and abiotic oxidation of sulfide minerals ex. Acid mine drainage prediction compares acid rock drainage factors of waste rock piles and tailings impoundments. Guideline document for monitoring acid mine drainage mend project 4. The problem and the cleanup acid mine drainage is a global problem. This occurs along outcrops or scree slopes where sulfidebearing rock is naturally weathered. The chemistry of oxidation of pyrites, the production of. Acid mine drainage amd is a major environmental hazard of 20th century mining practice. There are four chemical reactions that represent the chemistry of pyrite weathering to form acid mine. Acid problems can occur when pyritic coal associated rocks are disturbed. For related links, see related links and references at the bottom of page. Formation of acid mine drainage acid mine drainage amd forms when sulfide minerals in rocks are exposed to oxidizing conditions in coal and metal mining, highway construction, and other largescale excavations.
Although acid mine drainage is the most common impact of mining on water quality, the variety of mineral geology is such that there is no singlecharacteristic mine water. Research efforts have proceeded recently through the acid drainage technology initiative. Geologic units containing potentially significant acid. The use of measured and calculated acidity values to improve. Acid mine drainage an overview sciencedirect topics. A permeable reactive barrier, designed to remove metals and generate alkalinity by promoting sulfate reduction and metal sulfide precipitation, was installed in august 1995 into an aquifer containing effluent from mine tailings. Acid mine drainage amd refers to the outflow of acidic water from a mining site. Passage of groundwater through the barrier results in striking improvement in water quality. The chemistry is complex and not completely identified.
Dec 17, 2016 acid mine drainage acid rock drainage ard is a natural process whereby sulphuric acid is produced when sulphides in rocks are exposed to air and water. Ironmineral accretion from acid mine drainage and its. There are several types of passive treatment systems. As a result, the water becomes very acidic and damages downstream aquatic ecosystems. The geochemistry of acid mine drainage request pdf. Fundamentals of minedrainage formation and chemistry. Jul 11, 20 process of acid mine drainage geochemical and microbial reactions during weathering of sulfide minerals pyrite in coal, refuse, or mine overburden oxidation of sulfide minerals in the presence of air, water, and bacteria formation of sulfuric acid and increase in acidity solubilization of metals due to low ph 5. An archaeal ironoxidizing extreme acidophile important in.
You can see from equation 1 that in order for these reactions to happen, the pyrite must be exposed to both air and mining is one of south africas most important industries, but it comes with a cost. Acid mine drainage project lab active learning materials. Acid mine drainage prevention and control options 601 prediction of performance the performance of the designed or selected options compared to the adopted standards is predicted by applying appropriate engineering techniques e. Acid mine drainage browse samples of usgs research about geomicrobiology and the acid mine drainage. The term mineimpacted water is used because it is more inclusive than terms such as acid mine drainage amd or acid rock drainage ard. You are hired by a environmental company to promote and educate people about the effects of acid rain. Acid mine drainage overview acid rock drainage ard is produced by the oxidation of sulfide minerals, chiefly iron pyrite or iron disulfide fes2. Solutions to acid mine drainage problem book pdf free download link book now. In the eastern united states alone, amd from coal mines has adversely impacted fisheries associated with over,000 kilometers 8,000 miles of streams in pennsylvania, west virginia, ohio, and maryland. In examining this table, it is important to note that diffusion of oxygen into water is slow and, therefore, oxidation of iron sulfide is inhibited until the water level drops, which can occur periodically or seasonally in some cases. Department of the interior colorado school of mines u. Fact sheet acid mine drainage the problem the formation of acid mine drainage and the contaminants associated with it have been described as the largest environmental problem facing the u.
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